Reactivity Series Order
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > [H] > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au. Highly reactive metals displace less reactive metals from salt solutions.
Grade 10th · Chemistry · Metals and Non-metals
Metals, Reactivity Series & Metallurgy
Master Metals, Reactivity Series & Metallurgy for Grade 10th Chemistry. Includes verified formulas, core concepts, step-by-step checklists, and interactive solver tools.
Science StreamFundamental Level
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Essential Formulas & Mathematical Definitions
Roasting: 2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂
Calcination: ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂
Thermite: Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃ + Heat
Extraction of Metals (Metallurgy)
Concentration of ore → Roasting (sulphides in excess air) or Calcination (carbonates in limited air) → Reduction with Carbon/Aluminium → Electrolytic Refining.
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Exam Day Revision & Problem Solving Checklist
- ✓Explain formation of ionic bonds in NaCl and MgCl₂ with electron-dot structures
- ✓Differentiate Roasting from Calcination
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High-Yield Exam Strategy & Scoring Tips
Step-by-Step Mark Allocation
Always state the governing principle or formula first, write given values with standard SI units, substitute clearly, and highlight the final numerical answer with units in a box for full step marking.
Common Calculation Traps
Watch for unit prefixes (cm to m, minutes to seconds, g to kg, degrees to radians). In coordinate and ray optics problems, double-check Cartesian sign conventions before computing.
Recommended Practice & Calculation Tools
Test your understanding and perform instant calculations with these free online utilities.
Chemistry Molar Mass & Solution Molarity Calculator
Find molecular mass from chemical formulas (H2SO4, NaCl, C6H12O6) and calculate solution concentration and dilution.
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Frequently Asked Exam Questions & Concept Clarifications
Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Sodium is highly reactive and catches fire vigorously upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen and moisture.